The legal position
The Acas Code sets minimum principles for disciplinary and grievance matters: prompt handling, necessary investigation, consistency, information about the issue, an opportunity to respond, accompaniment where the statutory right applies and an appeal. Tribunals take the Code into account and can adjust relevant awards by up to 25% for unreasonable failure to follow it. The Code does not cover redundancy dismissals or the non-renewal of fixed-term contracts on expiry.
Source and attribution [1]Using it in practice
Separate investigation from conclusions. Plan what evidence is needed, who can act impartially and how the employee will participate. Give adequate information and preparation time. Consider accessibility and adjustments. Record the reasoning behind the outcome rather than simply noting that a meeting happened. Treat an appeal as a real review, with suitable independence where practicable.
An example, not a reported case
Worked example · illustrative
A complaint says a colleague repeatedly interrupted and undermined a team member. Rather than starting with a sanction, the investigator identifies specific incidents, witnesses and relevant records. Both accounts are heard and contradictions explored. The decision-maker distinguishes established facts from assumptions, explains the outcome and sets out the appeal route. The process also considers any immediate support needed without prejudging the allegation.
What to watch for
Fairness depends on circumstances, and a policy may create additional contractual obligations. Confidentiality should be managed carefully, without promising absolute secrecy that cannot be maintained.
Take it into your next conversation
Three useful questions.
- What evidence would change our view?
- Has the person had a meaningful chance to respond?
- Can the appeal independently review the decision?
Related terms
Go to the evidence
Sources & attribution
[1] Acas. Code of Practice on disciplinary and grievance procedures. ↗
Official guidance supports the legal overview. Application notes and examples are original editorial material, not individual legal advice. Check the linked source for changes and the full qualifications.
Published 2026-09-20 · Reviewed 2026-09-20. Editorial approach